The original set of Closing the Gap targets included two health measures: life expectancy and child mortality (for example, see Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet 2020).

The new Closing the Gap targets refer to life expectancy, healthy birthweight, and suicide (see Closing the Gap). As such, this section begins by presenting key findings on life expectancy, perinatal, infant and child mortality, and birthweight. The rest of the section focuses on leading causes of burden of disease and mortality, including suicide, among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (First Nations) people.